英语现在分词作定语知识注解详解
2023-03-19 14:16:14
英语现在分词作定语知识注解详解
（1）单独作定语，常放在被修饰的名词之前。
touching story /coming week /skilled worker / armed forces / boiled water
Barking dogs seldom bite. 乱叫的狗不咬人。
但某些过去分词（如concerned关切的/有关的，used旧的/用过的，given特定的/给予的，involved复杂的/涉及的）置于名词前后其意义不同。
a concerned look/the students concerned/
a used car/the textbook used.
（2）现在分词作定语，分词应放在被修饰的名词之后；表示正在进行的动作时,变为从句时要用进行时态和表示经常性的动作或现在的状态时,变为从句时要用一般时态；同被修辞的词（先行词）有逻辑上的主谓关系，在意义上相当于一个主动语态的定语从句。
Who is the man standing （= who is standing） by the door? 站在门边的人是谁。
They built a highway leading （= that/which leads） into the mountains. 一条通往山里的高速路。
（3）过去分词作定语时，分词应放在被修饰的名词之后；表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前/不确定；同被修辞的词（先行词）有逻辑上的动宾关系，在意义上相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
The meeting held（=that/which was held） last week is very important. 上周举行的回忆是非常重要的。
（4）其他应注意：① 若表示的动作此刻正在进行或同时进行，可用被动语态的进行时态（现在分词的被动语态）表示。
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 我们必须保守正在讨论的事情。
② 若表示的是一个未来的动作，可用不定式的被动语态表示。
Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting. 请告诉我在下次会议上讨论的主题。
③ 分词还可作非限制性定语（相当于非限制性定语从句），此时须和句子的其他部分用逗号隔开，试比较：
All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists.=All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists.
居住在上海的所有兄弟是科学家。
④ 现在分词短语作定语时，表示的动作不能先于谓语动作，也不可表示将来；一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语，故下列句子是错的：
Here is Mr. Li coming from Beijing. （应改为who has come from Beijing）
他是来自北京的李先生。
Those having finished their work can go home now. （应改为who have finished）
已经完成家庭作业的现在可以回家。
⑤ 系动词的现在分词形式不可用作后置定语，此时要用从句来表示。
Those being busy don’t have to go. （应改为Those who are busy don’t have to go.）
正在忙的人不必离开。
⑥ 不及物动词的过去分词不可用作后置定语，若要表示这个意思要用从句。
The lion died in this zoo the other day was a mother lion. （应改为which/that died）
前天死在公园的狮子是头母狮。
Tall Spin
Two dolphins race around in a big pool in the Ocean Park. The smaller dolphin Grace, shown off a few of her tricks, turning around and waving hello to the crowd. The most amazing thing about her, however, is that she’s even swimming at all. She doesn’t have a tail.
Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap.
When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2005, she
was fighting for her life. “Is she going to make it?” Her trainer, Abbey Stone, feared the worst. Grace did make it --- but her tail didn’t. She ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle.
Over the past six years, she has learned to swim without her tail. Dolphins swim by moving their flukes and peduncle up and down. Grace taught herself to move another way---like a fish! She pushed herself forward through the water by moving her peduncles from side to side.
The movement put harmful pressure on Grace’s backbone. So a company offered to create a man-made tail for her. The tail had to be strong enough to stay on Grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldn’t hurt her.
The first time Grace wore the artificial tail. She soon shook it off and let it sink in the bottom of the pool. Now, she is still learning to use the tail. Some days she wears it for an hour at a time, others not at all. “The tail isn’t
necessary for her to feel comfortable,” says Stone, “but it helps to keep that range of motion(动作) and build muscles(肌肉).”
Now, the dolphin is about to get an even happier ending. This month, Grace will star in Dolphin Tale, a film that focus on her rescue and recovery. Her progress has inspired more than just a new movie. Many people travel from near and far to meet her. Seeing Grace swim with her man-made tail gives people so much courage.
1. When Grace first arrived at the Ocean Park, her trainer worried about her .
A. physical build B. potential ability
C. chance of survival D. adaptation to the surroundings.
2. A man-made tail is created for Grace to________.
A. let her recover faster B. make her comfortable
C. adjust her way of swimming D. help her perform better tricks
3. The story of Grace inspires people to________.
A. stick to their dreams B. treat animals friendly
C. treasure what they have D. face difficulties bravely
